To back up a little: what are you trying to do again? Are you trying to format a "data disk" and drag Apple II programs to it on the SE/30? As noted, that just isn't going to work unless you have a ProDos file extension installed.
However: if you can find 800k ProDOS disk images in DiskCopy format you should be able to generate usable disks. The problem there mostly comes in finding software in that format; it seems like most of it on the web is in the "Universal disk image" format generated by the "Asimov" software for the IIgs and widely used in emulators. It *may* be possible to convert the .2mg files to Diskcopy format, but don't ask me the best program to use for that. Alternatively, if there's an emulator that can deal with DiskCopy format you could do something arduous like:
1: Format a blank Prodos disk on your IIc
2: Image it with Disk Copy 4.2 on your SE/30
3: Transfer the blank image to something powerful enough to run an emulator, mount a copy of it in a virtual drive, and use the emulator to copy programs onto it.
4: Copy the populated Disk Copy image back to the SE/30
5: Write it back to a disk.
6: Cross your fingers and see if it works on the IIc.
Maybe the program
Ciderpress would be of some use in generating a usable Disk Copy image?