I was able to change the device type in both the USB_bootloader and the SCSI2SD projects, rebuild, and theoretically reprogram (PSoC Creator and PSoC Programmer both reported successful erase, program, verify). However, it doesn't show up as a USB device on my machines, and scsi2sd-config doesn't see it. Neither does the bootloaderhost program.
I've verified continuity from the usb cable through the connector all the way to R4 & R5 for D+/D-, and verified the voltages at the decoupling capacitors of the PSoC (3x 4.83V and one 3.3V). Then verified continuity from R4 & R5 to the PSoC. I verified against the working one you built and sent me and it seems to match up.
Given that there's continuity of the D+/D- lines from the usb cable to the chip, and the chip is powered correctly, and the Cypress tools seem to think it has been flashed correctly, I'm not really sure what the trouble could be other than using the wrong processor, or my build of the sources for the different processor is wrong. Or the chip just isn't functioning correctly due to errors in my assembly, but as best I can tell it seems to be working from PSoC Creator's point of view.