The solder joints on your J1 connector (4 pins) on the AB look quite bad; some cracks are even visible. You also need to check the solder joints highlighted in the attached picture.
You're right, those at j1 look like cold solder joints.
The voltage spikes you are seeing are likely due to the machine's restart loop.
You need to reflow all hairline cracks and bad solder joints on the analog board connector sockets. To do this properly, I recommend removing as much of the old solder as possible, then using a generous amount of flux and new solder. Since these joints are large, your soldering iron needs to be powerful enough to generate the heat required for a solid connection.
Do not try to move or pull the connector pins, or you could end up lifting the pads. Perform the work with the connectors plugged in; this ensures the pins on the socket will not move or become misaligned.
IMHO the safest method to remove solder from those large joints is the 'Wick and Flux' method.
What kind of probe are you using to measure the voltages?.
I guess you already tried to boot the machine without the floppy drive ribbon cable connected right?
To get an accurate reading, clip the ground lead to the chassis (ensuring the analog and logic boards are properly grounded to the chassis with screws) and the positive probe to the correct floppy port pin.