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Mac Plus and External SCSI

As reported over on Conquests, I just have acquired my oldest Macintosh yet, a nice-looking Plus.

Having (ahem) a plethora of peripherals in the perimeter of the Plus, I think I might as well configure it to work with an external scsi hard drive. Are there, however, particular things I need to be aware of before hooking it up to an external drive? — or in using some of the lower System versions (say, System 3, with which it shipped, I gather) with an external scsi hard drive? Does it work with standard HFS or do I need a dedicated "Plus" scsi drive formatted differently?

I know little to nothing in the hand-on sense of Macs this old and so would appreciate a bit of help.

 
If you're going to use the hard drive with the Plus exclusively, you're best to format it with an interleave of 3:1, which you can do in Hard Disk Toolkit, or I'd imagine most 3rd party formatters. If not, provided you format the drive on the Plus, I believe Apple HD SC Setup should do it automatically. Also, the Plus lacks internal termination, so you'll need to consider how you set up your SCSI chain as well. Other than that, its pretty much the same as setting up a SCSI device on any other Mac.

 
I was going to mention the Plus's lack of internal termination, but LCGuy beat me to it.

Try to use a short SCSI cable to the first external device and made sure that the device nearest the Plus is terminated. If you only have one SCSI device, that's pretty simple.

 
using some of the lower System versions (say, System 3, with which it shipped, I gather) with an external scsi hard drive? Does it work with standard HFS
Since the Plus was introduced with System 3.0 and Finder 5.1, that's the earliest System you should use with SCSI. It is unlikely an earlier System or Finder would be aware of SCSI, though the Plus will boot down to System 1.1. However, System 3.1/Finder 5.2 quickly replaced 3.0/5.1 within a month. The most widely accepted and stable system in 3.2/5.3 which came out 6 months after the Plus, and you should be fine after that up to 7.5.5.

There is a very slight possibility you have a Plus with original or Rev. 1 ROMs which can cause problems with SCSI. If your serial number is greater than 1986 you'll have nothing to worry about.

The Plus ONLY uses standard HFS. However, unless you use an Apple certified drive, you may have trouble using some of the earlier HDSC Setup utilities. Also there are size limitations on drives before System 7 and with System 7.

If you plan on using a ZIP drive you will need the Iomega 4.2 driver in order for it to boot the Plus. That also brings up some questions about formatting with third party utilities to be startup disks. Having never really used an external HD on a Plus, I merely pose the question. I do know that formatting third party drives was always a headache on the early Macs.

 
Does it work with standard HFS or do I need a dedicated "Plus" scsi drive formatted differently?
Depends on the drive and the utility that was used to format it. Try it and see if it boots. Make sure the drive is terminated, and don't connect anything else on the SCSI buss for the test. If it works, you're home free.

If it doesn't work, then you'll need to format the drive and install drivers on it that are compatible with the drive and a Plus. If you have the manufacturer's format utility for your drive, run it from the Plus, and it will select the proper driver. If you don't have the original utility for your drive, then something like FWB's Hard Disk Toolkit will handle most drive + Mac combinations.

 
Things to watch out for:

1) External drive must supply termination power (the power supply in the Plus is too feeble to do the job, so the design team decided that the external box should supply term power).

2) Large capacity drives will often not allow formatting at 3:1 interleave. In the context of the Plus, "large capacity" may be anything from 500MB on up (the exact value depends on the make and model of the drive).

3) Large capacity drives may not work properly as boot volumes for the Plus, even with the last rev of ROMs. I have a 1GB Seagate drive that boots newer models fine, but will not work with the Plus. I gave up trying to figure out why, but it appears to be related to the lack of hardware handshaking in the SCSI implementation uniquely used by the Plus.

 
I gave up trying to figure out why, but it appears to be related to the lack of hardware handshaking in the SCSI implementation uniquely used by the Plus.
Interesting ... here's a question: the Plus was the first implementation of SCSI before the standards were set. The last upgrades to the Plus logic board, as far as I know were with the 2nd gen. ROM in 1986. Yet the Plus was manufactured until almost 1991. In the meantime, the SE came out. Now I know the Plus was Apple's low-end entry-level, cash-cow Mac, but wouldn't it have benefitted them to bring the Plus' SCSI implementation in line with that used on the SE and every other Mac? Was it so different that a few minor tweaks on the Plus board couldn't have done it economically? Would a ROM update alone have done it?

 
The SCSI interface in the Plus was taken almost exactly from the Dr. Dobbs article and from 3rd party interface cards based on it. This resulted in several weaknesses. First, since these interfaces plugged into the ROM sockets, they had no access to the CPU's read/write line (can't write to ROM after all). There was also no access to the CPU's wait/ready line, so there was no hardware to synchronize the data from the SCSI chip to the rest of the CPU & memory. The work-around was to use the low address bit to activate the read/write line of the SCSI chip, so you read from an even-numbered address and wrote to an odd-numbered address. For synchronizing, you read the SCSI status byte repeatedly until it changed, then saved the data byte to RAM, and went back to wait for the next byte. This is the slow polled transfer that is the norm for Plusses. Some drivers did fast "blind" transfers, reading several bytes in a row without polling the status register. Risky, but if you had a drive fast enough to keep up, it worked.

Making the changes would have required both a new motherboard and new ROMs, but then there'd have been no difference between a Plus and an SE performance-wise.

 
There's no question that Apple could have modded the Plus one more time to improve SCSI performance and compliance. That they chose not to is very telling, and H3NRY's supposition is likely spot-on: Apple probably didn't want to cut into the SE's sales. The SE was actually cheaper to build than the Plus (fewer manual assembly steps associated with the analog board). They would have wanted to encourage a transition away from the Plus as quickly as possible.

 
As far as I know, the first Mac to actually have DMA (which the very first IBM PC had) was the IIfx and it was only used under A/UX.

 
Another factor is that Apple probably didn't want to re-engineer an older board when they were focusing on replacing the Plus with the more cost-effective Classic. The Classic was designed between August and December of 1989 (Kunkel 75) and plans for a low-cost machine probably dated back further than mid-1989. While it can be argued that something seemingly minor could be swapped on a board (such as in the SE when SuperDrive compatibility was added in August 1989), the SCSI implementation was probably far more complicated than it appears to us as enthusiasts. I'm guessing it would have required a complete overhaul of much of the SCSI-specific ROM code and possibly some hardware changes. By the time this is done, it is more practical to design a new model with features standard on every other Macintosh model (ADB, internal hard drive capability, new design language).

Tomlee is probably right in the fact that Apple wanted to abandon the Plus as quickly as possible, although some cost-saving consolidation moves were made in the late 1980s to make up for the Plus's parts, which were often different than those of other Macintoshes. When the Apple IIe was redesigned, the keyboard appeared to be much closer to the Plus in both appearance and feel and the revamped Mouse IIe was simply a Mac Plus mouse with a different label on the underside. Compare the feel and appearance of a beige IIe to that of any Mac Plus to see the difference. There was also a reworked platinum 512Ke sold for a time in 1987 that actually used a Plus bezel, complete with the repositioning of the Apple logo. As I recall, the upgrades for 128Ks and 512Ks were discontinued within a year of the production of the last Macintosh Plus as Apple focused on pushing the newer Classic series instead (which would have been more cost-effective anyways for users of the original Macintosh series).

Another factor in the reworking of the Plus's SCSI was the fact that any overhaul probably would have mandated support for internal hard drives, especially considering the cost difference between internal and external drives. Apple was as aware as any user of the troubles the power supplies had in the original machines. Adding support for an internal hard drive would have mandated a new power supply. Yes, the pre-manufactured power supply in the SE (typically made by Sony, but sometimes the product of Astec) would have been an easy-to-implement solution, but not without redesigning the entire analog board. Designing a new machine was a better solution, but Apple appeared to be focused on more powerful machines at the time--the formerly high-end Plus became an entry level machine when the SE and II were introduced in 1987 and the next machines introduced included the IIx and IIcx in 1988, the SE/30 and IIci in 1989, and the IIfx in 1990. None of these machines were "entry-level" and each represented a new step in power while pushing existing models down the totem pole. Apple appeared to be so focused on coming out with more powerful machines that the practical "Macs for the Masses" were lost in the shuffle, having become relatively ancient by technological standards (this especially applied to the Plus). Even the press was blasting Apple for its high prices and lack of entry level models--which ultimately prompted the company to design successors to its aging lower-end machines that cost less than what was on the market.

The Plus and its inferior SCSI probably just hung around until Apple could reasonably produce a successor that cost less (to both manufacture and purchase). There were some machines bearing resemblance to the Classic in the industrial design department in late 1988 (Kunkel 126) but it is unclear if they were supposed to be the new "economy Mac" or not. Stripping down the SE was no small task, especially considering what Apple charged for an SE during its run, and during the time of the Classic's design Apple may have actually wanted to produce a machine to sell alongside the SE, not as a replacement for it. (Despite the discontinuation date of the SE in most Macintosh literature, it did continue production into early 1991). In the end, the SE's position was more or less replaced by the LC in the lineup, as the SE had become a lower-end machine by 1990 but was still a step above the lowest-end (the Plus).

Despite the discontinuation of the Plus, its notoriously strange SCSI system haunted everyone for years. Drive companies had to provide documentation specifically for Plus users, as did writers of books that covered SCSI connectivity. Apple should have done the right thing and done their research on SCSI when the Plus was being developed. Even if this had meant a delay in the release of the Plus, it would have provided a better machine in the long run.

WORK CITED

Kunkel, Paul. AppleDesign (illus. Rick English). New York: Graphis, 1997.

 
1) External drive must supply termination power (the power supply in the Plus is too feeble to do the job, so the design team decided that the external box should supply term power).
Is that necessarily so? The floppy port on a Plus has the power to drive an external disk. so why can't the psu provide exterminal termination power. I took my figures from this site: http://www.scsita.org/aboutscsi/SCSI_Termination_Tutorial.html

Effective termination resistance = 132 ohms

Nominal voltage = 5 volts

Nominal term power = 0.19 watts

That sounds pretty reasonable to me. Termination power is also going to be fairly steady, whereas floppy drive power consumption is erratic.

Eliminating that 0.19W made sense for PowerBooks (everyone else who put SCSI in early portables made the same choice), but the Plus didn't need that problem.

 
As far as I know, the first Mac to actually have DMA (which the very first IBM PC had) was the IIfx and it was only used under A/UX.
The Mac II onwards were designed to use NuBus bus mastering for high speed data transfers. Both devices had to be on the NuBus, of course, and support bus mastering, at least as a slave. Possibly safer in a world of dodgy C programmers than DMA read/writes? Definitely more secure, as we have seen with modern FireWire implementations that allow the content of RAM to be dumped to an external disk.

 
The Mac II onwards were designed to use NuBus bus mastering for high speed data transfers. Both devices had to be on the NuBus, of course, and support bus mastering, at least as a slave. Possibly safer in a world of dodgy C programmers than DMA read/writes? Definitely more secure
Surely bus mastering is about allowing the DMA controller to be on the card rather than on the motherboard. I have no idea what "dodgy C programmers" has to do with anything.

 
I have no idea what "dodgy C programmers" has to do with anything.
With DMA, a dodgy C program can write into the data that something else is about to write to disk or send to video. With bus mastering, a couple of extra steps are required.

 
There's no question that Apple could have modded the Plus one more time to improve SCSI performance and compliance.
Well here's a question then ... are products like the Dove MacSnap SCSI card which plugs into the 128K ROMs a better implementation of SCSI than Apple's own built-into the Plus logic board? SInce they came out after the Plus, they had the benefit of implementing the final standards into their designs. Even if new ROM code was required, some of these boards had secondary ROMs that took over once the boot process began.

 
1) External drive must supply termination power (the power supply in the Plus is too feeble to do the job, so the design team decided that the external box should supply term power).
Is that necessarily so? The floppy port on a Plus has the power to drive an external disk. so why can't the psu provide exterminal termination power. I took my figures from this site: http://www.scsita.org/aboutscsi/SCSI_Termination_Tutorial.html

Effective termination resistance = 132 ohms

Nominal voltage = 5 volts

Nominal term power = 0.19 watts
That math isn't quite complete, and also contains some implicit assumptions. Here's my calculation for the Plus: The termination network for each line presents a 500-ohm resistance to ground from the 5-V supply (in round numbers). That's 50mW per resistor, when no I/O driver is sinking any current. There are more than a dozen lines, so there's the better part of a watt just heating up the terminators with no SCSI device attached. Once there is an attached device, the peak load increases to a couple of watts. Normally, that wouldn't be a big deal, but given that the Compacts were on hairy edge of overheating without SCSI, the additional load was ultimately deemed too much (remember: the floppy drive's power has to be considered when computing the peak load on the supply). A hint of an internal debate can be seen in early documentation showing the Plus supplying termination power. Production models omitted this feature.

 
Is it possible to format HD for MacPlus using some other 68k mac? (ex. Quadra 700)
Yes, absolutely. As mentioned early in the thread, you'll want to set the interleave to 3:1 for best performance on a Plus; which Apple HD SC won't do when it's connected to a Quadra. So you'd be best off using a third-party formatting utility.

 
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