Interesting thread...
the 8xx number refers to a circuit board design while the 6xx part number is a functional part number.
Correct. Apple service providers were instructed to always ignore the part numbers screen printed on the board. There was a book used to identify parts - usually from photos, with notes guiding you as to subtle differences between boards (i.e. if the IC at position X carries part number yyy-zzz, then it's board A, otherwise board B and so on) - but it didn't use the screen printed part numbers for identification.
The prefix "661-" designated an "exchange module". In other words, these were major assemblies, repaired by obtaining a fresh one from Apple, then sending the faulty one back to be repaired and returned to the exchange pool and eventually sold to someone else as a replacement. You could buy such parts outright and not have to return the faulty one, but the cost was very high - eg 2-4 times the exchange price.
Interestingly, some parts that would obviously not be repaired, still carried 661- part numbers and could not be purchased outright. From memory, these were things like ROMs and case parts. The explanation given at the time was that they were made exchange items to prevent reverse engineering / copyright issues etc. It still didn't make that much sense with cases, since anyone who was seriously attempting to reverse engineer a machine would have just bought a whole machine outright.
In general, the quality of exchange parts was very good (although the later 1.4MB manual inject floppy drives were a hit and miss affair - at least in Australia). Apple considered exchange parts to be "rebuilt as new". Through the exchange process, it was possible for an early model analog board PCB to have been rebuilt to carry the component upgrades required to meet the final Mac Plus analog board specs. In this situation, the screen printed board number would still designate it as an "old" board, but it carried the new, upgraded components. The exchange system grated somewhat with me, when you consider that a customer bringing a near new Plus in for a replacement floppy drive may have received a rebuilt 3 year old floppy drive that had copped a beating in a school or similar.
The late model boards with the white polyester capacitor at the top appeared in the very last run of Mac Plus computers sold in Australia. This may have been due to the launch of the Classic being delayed in Australia by some time due to huge demand in other markets (i.e. the USA) - Apple may have done one last run of Pluses to pacify markets that couldn't get the new Classic.
The very last Plus had some minor changes to the logic board too. These included a separate little metal ground clip that shipped separately to the board in a tiny clear plastic jewel case. Earlier logic boards were exceptionally reliable, but for some reason many of the final run of logic boards had to be replaced under warranty. I built a little "wall" on top of my work bench, made out of the jewel cases mentioned above.
I have an anecdote regarding the origin of the final analog board configuration. I'll put it in a separate post sometime...