The main casualty was the metal anti-static casing inside the LC's lid – there was a huge rusty patch, where the battery acid had eaten into the casing. There wasn't much left of the battery, other than a corroded lump. The damage to the logic board wasn't particularly extensive, and I managed to clean most of it up, but discolouration around the ROM chips showed that a chemical reaction had occurred betwixt the acid and the silicon.
Since then, I've been wary about accepting Macs that have been in storage in someone's attic. If there wasn't adequate ventilation in there, then the temperature can easily reach in excess of 35˚C. That LC had been in the attic for years, so clearly the battery couldn't take any more.