There seems to be a little confusion about how one sets a SCSI ID.
The jumpers, ID0, ID1 and ID2 are the three bits, 0, 1, 2 of the SCSI ID. With three bits, one may count from 0 to 7.
So, if you put a jumper on ID0, you have ID = 1. If you put a jumper on ID1, you have ID = 2. If you put a jumper on ID2, you have ID = 4. Put jumpers on all three and you have ID = 1 + 2 + 4 = 7, which is bad, because the host of the SCSI bus is usually 7.
In the photo, you have a jumper on parity, which the Macintosh won't care about one way or the other, and jumpers on ID0 and ID1, which gives you a setting of ID = 3. This is the typical SCSI ID used for a CDROM drive on the Mac, and as such was just fine.
However, the CDROM drive does not have any provision for providing SCSI termination. At least, none that is documented. It is entirely possible that Toshiba built termination enable into the unlabeled jumper on the drive, but left it unlabeled because Apple did not want it.
Apple tended to supply termination by providing a four position SCSI cable, putting the hard drive and CDROM drive on two of the connectors, and a cable terminator on the third. The logic board connector gets the fourth, of course.
So, I see two avenues open to you. First, see if you can find a Toshiba part number on the drive (something like XM7nnn, most likely) and if so, try to find an old datasheet/manual for that drive. Failing that, get an internal 50 pin IDC (IDC is the type of connector) connector terminator which you can put on an unused connector on your SCSI cable. Then plug one end of the SCSI cable into the logic board. Plug the terminator into the other end of your SCSI cable. Plug your CDROM drive into one of the connectors in between those two.
Do not enable Termination Power on the CDROM drive. It is already supplied by the Macintosh logic board and supplying it from more than one device can create voltage contention issues which may prevent the SCSI bus from working.
Now, test the CDROM drive to see if the Mac will see it. Holding down the C key at boot, specifically looks for a device at ID3. So if you tried to boot in this manner, with the CDROM set to a different ID, it probably wouldn't work (not sure if the machine will seek other SCSI IDs after it fails to find anything at ID = 3).
You will need a bootable CDROM for this test. As long as the CDROM drive is Apple branded, any bootable CDROM should do the trick.
After you get things sorted out with the CDROM drive, try adding the hard drive to the cable and see if it works. However, unless you got a SCA to 50 pin adapter which actually has termination on board (none of the < $20 ones do) then you way have termination issues with the adapted SCA drive.
Even though your cable is now properly terminated, the problem is that the upper 8 bits of your wide SCA drive are not terminated. They are not connected to anything, so there is no way for them to be terminated. Without an adapter which is selectively able to terminate just the upper data byte, there is no way to terminate the upper bits. However, despite that, a cheaply adapted SCA drive will usually work anyway, provided that the bottom 8 bits and control lines (50 wires on SCSI ribbon) are properly terminated.