Welcome aboard! Very nteresting first post you've made here.
Dunno about the R-Pi infrastructure, but LC PDS NICs would be a good place to start your research. It's a 68020 subset of the 68030 PDS. I've got a comparison diagram of the control signals involved.
AFAIK, NIC implementations were all based on standard, well documented chipsets. IIRC the drivers for them were very similar.
Video's an entirely different ballgame, but the very inexpensive Color Pivot II/IIsi might make a good expansion chassis candidate for your Pi-NIC notion. The Futura II NuBus cards had connectors on them for DSP and NIC daughtercards. They used a single Slot ID for Video/NIC operations.
Dunno what you'd use for the connector offhand, but grafting the PCB for your R-Pi smack onto the empty FPU socket might just fit. The FPU interface should to give you most, if not all the signals required. A 10x10 Seeed PCB there could drop your Pi down into the contorted cubic defined by chassis/mounting ear/bucket/FDD bracket configuration constraints. Excellent building block playtime to be had there. [

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Silly WAG: Tangential musings, but it might be interesting take look at the Video ROM and dedicated video-RAM in the SE-30 schematics and memory mapping. Don't really know what I'm talking about here, but it may shake some thing loose for someone competent. If dedicated video memory accesses might be a subset of the video ROM's full address space, its socket might a possible wedge point for bit-banging? Folks regularly ask about getting Compact Mac video out and onto an external monitor. The SE/30 might turn out to be a candidate for finally doing so?