Looks like there are a combination of things going on. For working with my Mac Plus I used the DB25 adaptor:
https://store.inertialcomputing.com/product-p/idc50f-db25f.htm and provided power via the USB connection. I assume that's not an option for you to test with? It would be good to rule out an issue with Quantum drive case.
I wondering with this setup you'd need a terminator on the back, or the reverse, the case auto terminates and that's the problem.
For writing the files, I've never used BalenaEtcher, so I'd have to test with my images. I use DD as described on my site:
http://www.savagetaylor.com/2018/05/28/setting-up-your-vintage-classic-68k-macintosh-creating-your-own-boot-able-disk-image/ see section 6 on the page.
It explains on that page that my images are bit / bit copies of the entire "drive" including the boot and partition tables, so when they are written to the beginning of the SD card they replace any formatting on that card.... if you did it right the card should look "unformatted" to your Windows/Linux/Mac OS after the image has been written to it.
For editing my 6.0.8 image, I use basilisk with my 7.5.5 image as the primary drive and my 6.0.8 as my secondary. I do this because as you've likely read basilisk can't boot 6.0.8.
http://www.savagetaylor.com/2018/01/19/setting-up-your-vintage-classic-68k-macintosh-using-basilisk-ii/ see section 5 on the page.
For your tests, you can try following the instructions for DD and try again, but I think there is a good chance the issue is you old case / termination issue. The DB25 adapter + usb power would be a good way to find out.