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Screen fonts

I have spent a fair bit of time over the past few days experimenting with an installation of Microsoft Office (Word 5.1 etc.) on A/UX, and have discovered that there are a number of really excellent screen fonts that make work with text a great deal easier on older hardware.

Having been using Macs and older software for so long (I bought Word 5.1 when it was new and used it extensively, writing and editing millions of words), you'd think that I would have figured this out before, but I had not — so chances are that there are others who are similarly "challenged."

One of the major frustrations I have had over the years relates to the difficulty of reading screen fonts on older systems/ monitors. The Mac's 72dpi is not even as high a resolution as a fax, so it stands to reason that fonts are going to be hard to read on any older system or screen. A typical symptom is an italicized word or phrasewhich runs into the next word or phrase [thus], or punctuation that is more or less indistinct (what is a comma and what is a period? Can be hard to tell!).

It turns out that there are a select few fonts that were actually designed not for print (though they print just fine) so much as to overcome the display problems inherent in the use of technologies current in the 90s. These fonts are still available. Apple itself produced a bitmapped font called Espy Sans for use on screen (it has to be extracted by ResEdit from the System 7.5 Apple Guide, though it was also partially included in the eWorld software distribution), but there are no printer fonts included, so Espy Sans is something of a non-starter, unless you are prepared to do some serious work in Fontographer or pay for a Shareware version. However, Microsoft spent a lot of money on two specific fonts meant to display correctly on older monitors, and that are really excellent at resolutions between 9 and 12 points. The fonts are both TrueType, they have an extended character set, and they are very easy on the eye on a older system or screen.

The fonts are Georgia and Verdana. They are excellent ergonomic solutions to a persistent problem one faces in using older computers. The first is a serif font and the second is a sans. I prefer the second slightly on my screen, and suspect that it would work out much better for use in serious text work, but YMMV.

I have had these in my System Folder on OS8, OS9 and OSX for years, and had thought that they looked somewhat plain-Jane and were indistinguishable from all the rest — until I did some digging for a solution and tried them out on the kind of system on which they were meant to be used, just in the past few days. I have discovered that they really are excellent and a step well above anything else I have tried over the years. With the possible exception of Courier, nothing displays so well on an old system.

Georgia and Verdana are included in standard Microsoft Office distributions such as Office 2001, and they are freely available on the web if you go looking, as from the beginning, Microsoft gave them away freely. Good for you, Bill!

 
. . . there are no printer fonts included, so Espy Sans is something of a non-starter, unless you are prepared to do some serious work in Fontographer or pay for a Shareware version.
There's a point to the information presented in this story, so read on! :lol:

Interestingly enough, per the US Copyright Office circa 1989-1990, there is no copyright extended to "font data," only to the software for using a "font."

For a period of about nine months, there was no copyright protection AT ALL for computerized fonts. Based on the earlier precedent that no company could claim to "own" the Alpha-Bet, computer font providers found themselves in the same boat as actual printing press type manufacturers. They also had claimed copyright on their versions of typeface families (collections of sizes, weights, italics, swashes and dingbats are technically called "fonts,") and were shut down in their attempt to tie their printing press user base to their own fonts.

This decision came down during the period I was ramrodding the development of a ROM Emulator based "Font Emulator" for a specific vinyl letter cutting CAD/CAM system. When I read about this decision, I told my original partner that we were way behind schedule for development and release of the product, which alas, never got past the initial production run. We did get a really nice mention in one of the trade mags for our, until then unheard of, policy of not releasing the product until it actually worked as claimed, as opposed to the rest of the vertical market CAD-CAM equipment providers.

Be that as it may, Adobe et al, hounded the Copyright Office in the courts until the above compromise was reached. After spending way too much of our development capital on inconclusive Intellectual Property Advice, we folded up the company. Dealing with the inevitable lawsuit with a manufacturer who claimed "code based" protection on "fonts," which we knew and could certainly prove contained data only was a losing proposition for a shoestring technology development company.

The point of this little story would be that PostScript "fonts" do, indeed, consist of PostScript language descriptions of typefaces, but the actual Bezier path and bitmap data were determined to be copyright free. So the use of Fontographer to tweak data imported from PostScript "fonts" can be considered entirely legal in terms of copyright. You might want to check for UA violations, but I don't recall this ploy being used by type companies until well after the protection of the "font" data was voided by the copyright office.

So: read . . . determine . . . play! [}:)] ]'>

Fontographer ROCKS! [:D] ]'>

p.s. YMMV, things may have changed since I paid for that lawyerly advice, but it's doubtful, so Google!

 
Well, as it is all legal, I can spill the beans:

I went so far as to extract the Espy Sans bitmaps from the 7.5 Apple Guide yesterday, using Resedit, and I also went so far as to open them up in a version of Fontographer that I have installed on a Quadra, which was an interesting exercise.

However, so far as I can see, there is no way of automatically creating outlines from bitmaps in Fontographer (or at least in the version of it that I have), it being necessary instead to outline the things first (whether by hand or by pasting in something like EPS data for each letter), and then to go through the business of manipulating the resulting bezier curves, etc. Without the outlines (the "real" shapes of the letters), there is not much you can do with the software. Bitmaps can be generated from outlines (and metrics and such), but not vice versa. I got as far as generating more bitmapped sizes for screen use, which worked fine up to a point, until then, as I said, I did some research and found an elegant, alternative, ready-made solution from Mr. Gates et al. I don't think the further Fontographer magic required is going to happen at this end.

For printing purposes, I would not be inclined to use any of the typefaces mentioned, as there are better tools available. Almost all fonts, in fact, are designed for print, and there they do what they do best, but the beauty of Georgia and Verdana is that they were designed from day one for screens, and not just any screens, but the kind of screens we hooked up to our Macs around 1994. I wish I had known about them back then, as it would have saved my eyes a fair deal of wear and tear!

EDIT: According to Wikipedia, I see that the release date is more like 1996.

 
If you can find either typeface in TrueType or Postscript, it's a simple process to import ALL the data and then tweak/replace the "printer font" Bitmaps so that they match the original "screen fonts" in the "bitmap font suitcase," IIRC. I've been using Fontographer, the very first "Illustration Program" since it ran on the Fat Mac. Madison Avenue used it for designing Corporate Logos, Laser Printer Letterheads and all sort of Corporate Identity Packaging.

Historical side note:

When Adobe realized how Fontographer was being used in the Graphic Arts/Advertising communities, they turned their in-house font creation code into Adobe Illustrator. The little company that could, Altsys, turned the Fontographer code into "Aldus Freehand," because Production/Distribution of their niche product called for corporate big guns in order to compete with Adobe. Altsys was founded by NYMUG alumni, who moved their successful startup down to Plano, TX. The Macromedia buyout must have been a really nice payday for that NYMUG visionary!

I was using Fontographer to do logo design/digitization for my MacSignMaker System on the SE/4/20/Radius16 and then the IIx/Rocket33 for several years. The MacSignMaker guys created a Type 3 Font Import Utility that translated any five outlines making up each character in a Type 3 Font into scalable quality polylines for output on the industry standard CAD/CAM vinyl cutters of that era.

I had the pleasure of having about a 10 month jump on every sign shop in the country, not to mention having the Big Apple and Madison Avenue as my marketplace, when it came to cutting vinyl etc. from PostScript files. It took that long for a, much less precise, Image Editor and PostScript interpreter from the industry "leaders" to be released. I laughed all the way to the bank for quite a spell back then! [:D] ]'>

Another amazing achievement of the gang from Altsys was the creation of Metamorphosis a program that used the PostScript Language to query the LaserWriter's RIP for every bit of data included in any Type 3 or Type 1 Font, rendering Adobe's vaunted "Font Protection Algorithms" moot. Soon thereafter Adobe dropped their flawed "copyright" protection scheme entirely.

The article I linked is somewhat in error, Metamorphosis queried Fonts loaded into the CPU/RIP of the Laserwriter, no HDD necessary!

. . . just found a Wikepedia Article about Fontographer to confirm my story!

I wonder if FontLab would honor my ancient 2.0, 3.0 & Freehand Graphics Studio's 4.1 Fontographer Licenses for a FOG 5.0 OS-X upgrade? :lol:

Info on font conversions: http://tidbits.com/static/html/TidBITS-066.html ;)

edit: TrueType Glossary

 
If you can find either typeface in TrueType or Postscript, it's a simple process to import ALL the data and then tweak/replace the "printer font" Bitmaps so that they match the original "screen fonts" in the "bitmap font suitcase," IIRC.
That's an interesting suggestion!

This would, of course, be entirely unnecessary in the case of Verdana and Georgia, which are already very nice TrueTypes, but the bitmaps of Espy Sans could theoretically be fiddled with for a bit of fun. There is enough "out there," however, only to supply basic Roman letters for it in TrueType, which is not a lot of use, frankly, and I am not really interested in tinkering with beziers, as already stated, in order to supply umlauts and such; I reckon that this sort of thing is best left to those who know what they are doing.

However, just to keep the tinker wheels a-whirring, I have two basic questions that it looks you may be more able than most to answer:

1. Can bitmaps be used in conjunction with TrueType fonts? Or are they better suited to use in conjunction with Type 1 fonts? The latter looks like the likelier bet, but I may have the wrong end of this.

2. Would it be possible to map the bitmaps for Espy Sans, which I have, for the printer outlines and metrics of something else — say, for argument's sake, Hoefler Text if TrueType is OK, or some Adobe Postscript font if Type 1 is better — so that the typeface would display one way as a screen font but print differently? I would not have the slightest interest in WYSIWYG for these purposes, but only to have text in a word processor that both displays and prints exceptionally well.

 
Funny you should mention one of Hoefler's designs, he was a young buddy of mine during the NYMUG days. I don't recall if he was a member or if I just knew him from the Service Bureau/Reseller where he worked. MPC was the hottest Mac dealership in the BBA at the time, TechServe was just beginning to make the transition into becoming a serious VAR back then. IIRC, I met Jonathan Hoefler through MPC's owner, who'd become a friend after I made the signs for MPC when it opened. I'm really glad to see that he became so successful, I lost track of Jonathan when he went full time at his passion, becoming a Type Designer. I started to sink into hermit mode in the mid-nineties and lost track with almost all my MacFriends during the fall of MPC, the rise of TekServe and the saddening disintegration of NYMUG (and UGs in general) as the WWW started to become synonymous with the InterNet.

Short answer:

I'm pretty sure you're a lot better off using PostScript.

Interminable version:

I can't tell you much about TrueType fonts, I never had any real need to use them. Somehow, almost the entire Adobe Type Library wound up in my grubby little paws. [}:)] ]'> I did all my design work in Illustrator and Freehand on the Mac and in Corel Draw under WIN 3.0 at first, and then on the Mac when it went cross-platform. CorelDraw's "readable PostScript" font import feature was for Type 3, as was their massive (fontripped) bundled type library, IIRC.

FontRipping was a competitive sport in the early days of DTP, Graphic Design and vector art based Sign Making:

How many do you have? Which ones have you got? I've got these, how about trading . . .

. . . just like Baseball Cards and Bubble Gum when I was a schoolkid in the early Sixties.

Stream of deleriousness . . .

I never actually got into that scene, my daddy gave me a funny look when I got off the bus one day and showed him the "great" cards an older kid had sold me. He'd been recruited by IBM as a Systems Analyst and after that experience, I went back to spending my time building model planes, drawing WWII dogfight scenes, intently studying the VLSI textbooks scattered around the house as Artwork and, unfortunately, remaining blind to presence of Cobol, Pascal and Machine Level Programming Texts with which they were mixed. The chunk of CORE memory daddy used as a paperweight was a pretty neat sculpture too!

My brothers and sisters and I read the World Book Encyclopedia and all its updates cover-to-cover laying on the floor while watching what was pretty darn good programming on the three channels available back then.

How times have changed! Now you can hardly buy an Encyclopedia for home use. WiKiPedia and other online articles let anybody with just enough intelligence to open up an article and click or tap a pointing device rate the usefulness a/o accuracy of the WWW substitutes for, carefully compiled and edited, second source information. I hope I'm wrong, but most schoolkids never seem to crack a book to discover first source information from what I've seen. It was a huge deal in my family when we brought a new volume of the Golden Book Encyclopedia, Golden Book Illustrated Dictionary and Golden Book Picture Atlas of the World series home from the grocery store to devour along with the vittles every week.

Having cut our teeth on the Golden Book Series, it was a HUGE deal, to myself and the older of my five younger siblings, when the World Book arrived as a surprise. While we had the Big Books out in front of the TV, we also re-read the Golden Books to our younger siblings during commercials or whenever they had questions.

BTW: notice that there's NOTHING on WiKiPedia about the Dictionary or Atlas linked above, auction and sales postings seem to have become "first source" reference material on the WWW. Go figure!

How many channels are there now? There may already be more than were programs available in the early sixties How many programs are really worth watching? I really don't know, I gave up on television in Y2K, before the introduction of SurReality TV. I'll only watch about three of the shows my girlfriend records, and no news at all, which really irks her. It also upsets her on the occasions that I find out and mention stuff before she does, through osmosis, while intentionally filtering out all hyped "information" from commercial sources of any kind. HEH! [:o)] ]'>

N.B.

Interesting that you're a real writer, I always hated writing and never thought I was any good at it. My family has been after me to write my memoirs, so I've been salting the forums with tidbits, semi-intentionally, after having realized that I've been doing so on and off here and on 'fritter for over ten years . . .

. . . whatever . . . reply at your own risk! :lol:

 
Cool! Just DO IT. FontRippin's FUN! :o)

Academic writing is as real as it gets, see above! :approve:

How's my writing style coming along? :?:

p.s. I think I should edit out all the B.S. and re-post these links and info in the LINKS Project: Rev. 3.0 but I'm lazy, why don't you make a contribution? }:)

 
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