I thought maybe the size thing was an issue because both the new 32gb card and the pretty new 16gb card froze the machine regularly but an old 128mb digital camera card from 10 or so years ago did not. However, on attempting to format the card it crashed drive setup after taking a really long time to initialize so I think that's not the issue.
I did notice that it looks like most or a lot of SD cards use 3.3v - both my 16 and 32gb's probably do. Is it possible there's a voltage mismatch? The adapters, I think, are supposed to regulate the voltage but I don't get the impression these cards do anything that active, so is it possible that the computer's giving 5V because they're 16-bit adapters and the card needs 3.3? [i haven't found any cardbus > SD adapters directly.] I have a PCMCIA > CF [ATA] adapter that I was going to use with a CF > SD adapter, but CF cards are also 5/3.3V. So maybe the ATA adapter is more intelligent at adapting voltages since at least one or two people have had good luck with using those?