there is only about 2cm of space between the sound holes and the frame
If you can make a sealed rectangular box behind the speakers the same internal volume as the domes, you should get similar response out of them. The shape is more or less irrelevant.
Simplest way to measure the volume of the balls would be to fill them with water, then pour it out into a measuring cup

Then designing a box to match is just multiplication and division.
BTW, the little tail-like ridge on the spheres is a bass port - if you can also match that, so much the better. The sound from the slot-loading iMac version in particular is quite nice.
Those 2" or so mylar speakers are available as new parts, and also in a lot of cheap Shenzen/eBay "mini speaker" sets for laptops. I ordered one for I think $10 shipped which is still on the way.
Guide to Cube & G4 era speakers.
*Now there's the next fun hack idea. Tack a 30-pin iPod dock onto the previously mentioned flat screen and sound system, and you'd have a kick butt little mobile music/movie player. "Macintosh Classic GB"
Sparkfun have the dock connector, and you can get a banging little Class-D Tripath digital T-Amp for ten to twenty bucks on ebay. Or just rip apart one of the aforementioned no-name laptop speaker sets - one that has an analog in (usually 3.5mm headphone jack) instead of / as well as USB. In that latter case, they usually take +5V power from the USB port, so it's just a case of rewiring or adapting the connectors.
One small note - make sure whatever speaker you use matches the impedance (resistance) of the amplifier. If you are connecting directly to the speaker headers on the Mac logic board, for example, match the speaker from the original model. Higher impedance means lower volume, and lower impedance* risks burning out the amp - eg, the amp IC on the logic board.
* Commercially available amps will tell you what impedance they can handle. It can be a strict value (like 8 ohms) or a range (like 4 to 16 ohms)