Hi Max and welcome to the forums!
Macintosh Programmer's Workshop would be a ... brave choice, its UI is extremely eccentric by modern standards. It has very good points, but the learning curve would launch you into space. As a starting point, I suggest not using it.
There are loads of tools for programming on the Mac, depending on what language you want to use and what you're actually trying to build.
For compiled/"traditional" languages, probably the friendliest IDEs are THINK C and THINK Pascal. THINK Pascal, as an IDE, is rather better than THINK C, and still has one of the best debuggers I've ever used in it. Its editor has a few eccentricities if you're used to modern code editors, but it's solid and once you're used to its slightly different idioms, they don't get in the way. These were distributed on floppies.
CodeWarrior Pro is a rather heavier-weight option; perhaps not the best for the SE, but 475 should deal with it. It was distributed on CD-ROM. It's very close to a "modern" IDE—which has both good and bad points—and it's what I use for most stuff personally.
But really that was a period of great interest and experimentation in programming languages, especially about how to make programming accessible, so beyond those two you have a great swathe of other available gubbins. An honorary mention here goes to HyperCard, which is an amazing tool. It is limited—intentionally so—being more intended as a construction kit than as a heavy engineering tool, but it let lots of people write software who otherwise wouldn't have braved the learning curve to get in, and things like Myst started in HyperCard. It's extremely influential, well worth a visit, and would work beautifully on your SE.