It uses two of the same serial communications controllers that all Macs use so I guess each port can do AppleTalk? Maybe the ROM has drivers that are similar to the built-in serial port drivers? It doesn't look like it can do DMA?
AM26LS30 - Dual Differential (EIA-422-A)/ Quad Single-Ended (EIA-423-A) Line Drivers
AM26LS32 - Quad Differential Line Receivers
MC74F02N - Quad 2-input NOR GATE Fast Schottky TTL
74F74N - Dual D-Type Positive Edge-Triggered Flip-Flop
MC74F367N - Hex Buffer/Driver 4-bit Plus 2-bit, Noninverting 3-State
SN74F521 - 8-Bit Identity/Magnitude Comparators (P=Q) with Enable
MC74F534N - Octal D-Type Flip-Flop with 3-State Outputs
SN74LS640N - Octal Bus Transceiver
TMS27C128-1JL - CMOS UV EPROM 128K (16K x 8-Bit) 150ns DIP-28
CRL 8817L 115-0002 - Filters?
U1, U2 - ?
U14 - ?