If it's a tough, but semi-soft white goop that looks like it was placed in various areas (kinda like a more resilient hot-glue), then it's likely an ESD & high-temperature safe resin epoxy that they use to secure stuff to motherboards. Sometimes it's hard like a rock, though. You'll sometimes see it blobbed in there to secure heavier components (or components that may vibrate) and keep them from becoming damaged from movement. You can sometimes melt it with an iron, or if you can get a good grip with pliers, peel it off. But you have to be careful not to pull off components as it could have solidified around leads or other parts that might catch.
I'm sure it has some official electronicsy-sounding name, but I don't know what it's called.